Question 1

What are disc spring washers (Belleville washers) and why use them?

Accepted Answer

Disc spring washers (also called Belleville washers or conical springs) are cone-shaped metal discs that act like powerful springs. When stacked and compressed under a bolt, they deliver extremely high preload in a very compact space - often 10-50x more force than wave washers using same thickness. Industries use them in: high-pressure flanged joints, valve assemblies, clutches, heavy machinery bolts, and applications where space is critical but load capacity is essential.

Question 2

When should I use Belleville washers instead of wave washers?

Accepted Answer

Use Belleville (disc springs) when: you need very high preload (500+ N) in minimal space, bolts tend to loosen badly despite current fasteners, you have vibration and thermal cycling, or you're clocking valve springs or clutches. Use wave washers when: moderate preload is acceptable, space isn't severely limited, and cost is a concern. Belleville washers cost 3-5x more but deliver unmatched load capacity and reliability in demanding applications.

Question 3

How do I select and stack Belleville washers correctly?

Accepted Answer

Disc springs are selected by bore diameter (inner hole), outer diameter, thickness, and cone height. Stack them based on required load and travel: PARALLEL stacking (same direction) adds load capacity. SERIES stacking (opposite direction/nested) adds travel/deflection. For example, 2 washers parallel = 2x load, 2 washers in series = 2x deflection. Our engineering team can calculate exact stacking based on bolt size and required preload. Send us: bolt diameter, required clamping force, and available space.

Question 4

What tolerances should I expect, and how critical are they?

Accepted Answer

DIN 2093 defines tight tolerances for cone height, thickness, bore, and OD - typically ±0.1-0.3mm. These tolerances are CRITICAL because they directly affect load-deflection behavior. Even 0.5mm deviation can reduce holding force by 10-20%. All our Belleville washers meet DIN 2093 or ISO 16130 standards with certified test reports demonstrating exact load-deflection curves. This ensures your bolt joint behaves predictably and safely.

Question 5

Are Belleville washers reusable?

Accepted Answer

Technically yes, they don't wear out like friction components. However, reuse is NOT recommended for critical applications because: stress cycling can induce micro-cracking, cone height permanently changes after compression, and load capacity may reduce by 10-30% after first use. For safety-critical bolted joints (pressure vessels, aircraft, automotive), always use FRESH Belleville washers. For maintenance or non-critical applications, reuse is acceptable if washers show no cracks or permanent deformation.

Question 6

What's the difference between DIN 2093 and other Belleville standards?

Accepted Answer

DIN 2093 (German standard, most common) defines cone springs with specific load-deflection curves. ISO 16130 is compatible but slightly different tolerances. NF T48-114 (French) and other standards vary. Most industries specify DIN 2093. Our Belleville washers are DIN 2093 certified. If you have equipment specifying a different standard, contact us - we can verify compatibility or source to the exact specification.

Question 7

What materials and coatings are available?

Accepted Answer

Material options: chrome steel (standard, high strength), stainless steel (corrosion-resistant for wet/marine), beryllium copper (electrical conduction for grounding). Coatings: phosphate (standard), zinc plate (corrosion resist), electroless nickel (severe corrosion). Standard chrome steel suits most industrial applications. Stainless costs 30-50% more. Exotic materials (beryllium, titanium) available for special applications. Lead times vary - standard DIN 2093 chrome: 5-7 days. Stainless: 10-14 days.

Parameter	Details
Standard	DIN 2093
Product Type	Precision Washer
Size Range	M8 – M56 bolt diameter (custom available)
Material Options	Carbon Steel · Stainless Steel · Alloy Steel
Coatings	Phosphate · Zinc Plated · Electroless Nickel
Quality Assurance	ISO 9001:2015 · Test Reports · COC Available
Packaging	Polybag · Box · Bulk — as per requirement

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